在规模化长毛兔养殖中，维持适宜的舍内温度是保障兔群健康、提升毛皮品质的核心要素。通过环境调控技术、建筑工艺优化及精细化管理的综合应用，养殖厂构建起动态平衡的温湿度控制系统，确保兔只始终处于生长状态。

　　In large-scale breeding of long haired rabbits, maintaining a suitable indoor temperature is a core element in ensuring the health of the rabbit population and improving fur quality. Through the comprehensive application of environmental regulation technology, building process optimization, and refined management, the breeding plant has established a dynamically balanced temperature and humidity control system to ensure that rabbits are always in the best growth state.

　　一、长毛兔的生理温度阈值与需求

　　1、 Physiological temperature threshold and demand of long haired rabbits

　　适宜温度范围

　　Suitable temperature range

　　成年兔适环境温度为15-25℃，新生仔兔需30-32℃保温环境，断奶后逐步过渡成兔温度。某科研机构监测显示，温度波动超±5℃时，兔群采食量下降，换毛周期延长。

　　The optimal ambient temperature for adult rabbits is 15-25 ℃, while newborn rabbits require a 30-32 ℃ insulation environment, gradually transitioning to adult rabbit temperature after weaning. Monitoring by a certain research institution shows that when the temperature fluctuation exceeds ± 5 ℃, the feed intake of the rabbit population decreases and the shedding cycle is prolonged.

　　温度应激影响

　　The impact of temperature stress

　　低温导致基础代谢率提升，饲料转化率降低；高温引发热应激，公兔精液品质下降，母兔受胎率降低。某规模化兔场数据表明，30℃以上环境持续72小时，母兔流产率上升。

　　Low temperature leads to an increase in basal metabolic rate and a decrease in feed conversion rate; High temperature induces heat stress, leading to a decrease in semen quality in male rabbits and a decrease in conception rate in female rabbits. Data from a large-scale rabbit farm shows that when the temperature remains above 30 ℃ for 72 hours, the miscarriage rate of female rabbits increases.

　　二、建筑设计与被动式温控

　　2、 Architectural Design and Passive Temperature Control

　　朝向与通风廊道

　　Orientation and ventilation corridor

　　兔舍采用坐北朝南布局，利用自然光照调节昼夜温差。某示范基地设计通风廊道，夏季风速提升，加速舍内空气置换，降低热积聚。

　　The rabbit house adopts a north facing south layout, utilizing natural light to regulate the temperature difference between day and night. A certain demonstration base is designed with a ventilation corridor, which increases the wind speed in summer, accelerates the air exchange inside the building, and reduces heat accumulation.

　　保温隔热构造

　　Thermal insulation structure

　　墙体采用240mm厚页岩砖+50mm挤塑板复合结构，传热系数降，冬季夜间舍温波动小于3℃。屋顶设置300mm空气间层，搭配反射膜，减少辐射热侵入。

　　The wall adopts a composite structure of 240mm thick shale bricks and 50mm extruded polystyrene board, with a reduced heat transfer coefficient and a temperature fluctuation of less than 3 ℃ at night in winter. The roof is equipped with a 300mm air layer and reflective film to reduce the intrusion of radiant heat.

　　地面防潮与导热

　　Ground moisture prevention and thermal conductivity

　　发酵床地面铺设地暖管，冬季水温维持28-30℃，结合生物发酵产热，使地面温度稳定在20℃以上，减少仔兔腹泻发生率。

　　Lay underfloor heating pipes on the fermentation bed floor, maintain a water temperature of 28-30 ℃ in winter, and combine with biological fermentation heat production to stabilize the floor temperature above 20 ℃, reducing the incidence of diarrhea in young rabbits.

　　三、主动式环境调控技术

　　3、 Active environmental regulation technology

　　智能温控系统

　　Intelligent temperature control system

　　部署温湿度传感器网络，通过物联网平台实时调控设备。某兔场应用后，舍内温度波动范围控制在±1℃以内，能耗降低。

　　Deploy a network of temperature and humidity sensors to control devices in real-time through an IoT platform. After application in a certain rabbit farm, the temperature fluctuation range inside the house was controlled within ± 1 ℃, and energy consumption was reduced.

　　分级供暖方案

　　Graded heating scheme

　　仔兔保育区采用远红外陶瓷加热板，局部升温32℃，成兔区使用空气能热泵，能效比达3.8，较电加热。

　　The juvenile rabbit conservation area uses far-infrared ceramic heating plates to locally raise the temperature to 32 ℃, while the adult rabbit area uses air source heat pumps with an energy efficiency ratio of 3.8, which is more energy-efficient than electric heating.

　　蒸发降温装置

　　Evaporative cooling device

　　夏季启用湿帘-风机降温系统，当舍温超28℃时自动启动，可使舍内温度降低，配合喷雾，同时控制呼吸道疾病传播。

　　The wet curtain fan cooling system is used in summer. When the room temperature exceeds 28 ℃, it will automatically start, which can reduce the temperature in the room, cooperate with spray disinfection, and control the spread of respiratory diseases.

　　四、气流组织与空气质量管理

　　4、 Airflow organization and air quality management

　　纵向通风模式

　　Vertical ventilation mode

　　兔舍两端安装变频风机，通过负压通风形成定向气流，风速控制在0.2-0.5m/s，避免贼风直吹。某兔场实测显示，该模式使氨气浓度降10ppm以下。

　　Install variable frequency fans at both ends of the rabbit house to create directional airflow through negative pressure ventilation, with wind speed controlled at 0.2-0.5m/s to avoid direct blowing of thief wind. The actual test at a rabbit farm shows that this mode reduces the ammonia concentration to below 10ppm.

　　空气过滤与净化

　　Air filtration and purification

　　进风口设置初效+活性炭过滤网，拦截粉尘及有害气体。某养殖基地应用后，兔群呼吸道疾病发病率降低。

　　The air inlet is equipped with an initial effect and activated carbon filter to intercept dust and harmful gases. After application in a breeding base, the incidence rate of respiratory diseases in rabbits decreased.

　　五、分阶段精准管理策略

　　5、 Staged precise management strategy

　　仔兔保育期

　　Baby Rabbit Care Period

　　0-1月龄仔兔置于保温箱内，底部铺设电热板，顶部悬挂红外灯，营造30-32℃微环境，湿度控制在60%-65%，减少黄尿病发生。

　　0-1 month old rabbits are placed in an insulated box with an electric heating plate at the bottom and an infrared lamp hanging at the top to create a micro environment of 30-32 ℃. The humidity is controlled at 60% -65% to reduce the occurrence of yellow urine disease.

　　育成期过渡

　　Transition during the incubation period

　　4周龄后逐步降低保温设备功率，每周下调1-2℃，8周龄完全适应成兔舍温度。某兔场采用此方案，成活率提升。

　　Gradually reduce the power of the insulation equipment after 4 weeks of age, lowering it by 1-2 ℃ per week, until it fully adapts to the temperature of the rabbit house at 8 weeks of age. A certain rabbit farm adopts this plan, which improves the survival rate.

　　种兔特殊管理

　　Special management of breeding rabbits

　　妊娠母兔舍温保持18-22℃，避免高温导致的死胎、弱胎。公兔舍温度控制在20℃左右，保障精液活力，某实验室检测显示，该温度下精子畸形率。

　　Pregnant female rabbits should maintain a temperature of 18-22 ℃ to avoid stillbirths and weak fetuses caused by high temperatures. The temperature in the public rabbit house is controlled at around 20 ℃ to ensure the vitality of semen. A laboratory test showed that the sperm deformity rate is the lowest at this temperature.

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